Find the equation of the straight line

**Punch** · February 25th 2011, 03:57 AM

Find, without differentiation, the equation of the straight lines which pass through the point $(4,0)$ and are tangential to the circle, $(x+1)^2+y^2=4$

**emakarov** · February 25th 2011, 04:09 AM

If you draw a picture, there is a right triangle with two known sides. From there you can find angles, etc.

In general, you are supposed to show some effort.

**Punch** · February 25th 2011, 04:22 AM

Sorry what I did was...

Circle center $= (-1,0)$
Radius=2
Let the unknown point of intersection be $(x,y)$

Length from circle center to $(4,0) = 5$

Since radius=2, the length of the line by pythagoras theorem $=\sqrt{21}$

$\sqrt{(x-4)^2+(y-0)^2}=\sqrt{21}$
$x^2-8x+16+y^2=21$
$x^2+y^2-8x-5=0$
$x^2+y^2=8x+5$

then, gradient of the radius from circle center to point of intersection $= \frac{1}{gradient of tangential line}$

$\frac{y-0}{x+1}=\frac{1}{\frac{y-0}{x-4}}$
$\frac{y}{x+1}=\frac{x-4}{y}$
$y^2=(x-4)(x+1)$
$y^2=x^2-3x-4$
sub $y^2=x^2-3x-4,$

$x^2+(x^2-3x-4)=8x+5$
$2x^2-11x+1=0$

With the value of x found, i can find y but the equation of the line i got is different from the answer

**emakarov** · February 25th 2011, 04:41 AM

I would do the following. The tangent of the angle at (4,0) is $2/\sqrt{21}$ . Therefore, the equations of the two lines are $y=\pm(x-4)\cdot2/\sqrt{21}$ .

**bjhopper** · February 25th 2011, 05:10 AM

Hi punch,
After defining one of the tangency triangles you need to find the altitude on the hypothenuse and the segments it creats on the hypot.A slope of the tangent will then be definable.Next use point slope formula to find the lines.

bjh

**Punch** · February 25th 2011, 11:32 PM

Originally Posted by emakarov

I would do the following. The tangent of the angle at (4,0) is $2/\sqrt{21}$ . Therefore, the equations of the two lines are $y=\pm(x-4)\cdot2/\sqrt{21}$ .

hi, i didn't understand the part when u said "The tangent of the angle at (4,0) is $2/\sqrt{21}$ ." I know which lines u are referring to but is there a formula which says $tanA=gradient$ ?

**emakarov** · February 26th 2011, 01:10 AM

Since $\angle ABC=90^\circ$ , $\tan\angle BCA=AB/BC=2/\sqrt{21}$ . Therefore, the slope of BC is $-2/\sqrt{21}$ . Does this answer your question?

**Punch** · February 26th 2011, 02:57 AM

Originally Posted by emakarov

Since $\angle ABC=90^\circ$ , $\tan\angle BCA=AB/BC=2/\sqrt{21}$ . Therefore, the slope of BC is $-2/\sqrt{21}$ . Does this answer your question?

sorry, but why is $\tan\angle BCA$ the gradient of line BC?

**bjhopper** · February 26th 2011, 03:21 AM

Hi,
Emarkarov;s equations are correct but the question is " Is this solution in a geometry problem valid ? "

bjh

**emakarov** · February 26th 2011, 05:32 AM

Originally Posted by Punch

sorry, but why is $\tan\angle BCA$ the gradient of line BC?

I think, by definition, the gradient of line BC is $\tan\alpha$ . (Please correct me if I am wrong.) Taken direction into account, $\alpha<0$ . Also, $\angle ACB=\lvert\alpha\rvert=-\alpha$ because they are vertical angles. Therefore, the gradient is $\tan\alpha=\tan(-\angle ACB)=-\tan\angle ACB$ .

**HallsofIvy** · February 26th 2011, 06:22 AM

Another way to do this, without (directly) calculating the gradient, is to note that, since the distance from the point of tangency to (4, 0) is $\sqrt{21}$ , we have, for that angle, C, sin(C)= 2/5 and $cos(C)= \sqrt{21}{5}$ . It follows from that that cos(A)= 2/5 and $sin(A)= \sqrt{21}/5$ .

From those, we can calculate that the coordinates of point B are $(2 (2/5), 2(\sqr{21}/5)$ and then we can find the equation of the line using the "two point" formula.

**bjhopper** · February 26th 2011, 01:43 PM

Hello emarkarov,
In geometry the slope of a line = rise /run so strictly speaking the tangent at C is not the slope but is the same quantity as can be seen when you erect the altitude on hypot of ABC. I admit that geometry today would allow your solution but would be interested in a few replies.

bjh

Thread: Find the equation of the straight line

LinkBack

Thread Tools

Display

Find the equation of the straight line

find equations of tangents

Similar Math Help Forum Discussions

Equation of a straight line

the equation of a straight line

the equation of a straight line is 3x+2y=11. find the equation of a parrallel line pa

equation of straight line

Equation of straight line!

Search Tags