# Math Help - Number Theory - Primes and Eulers equation

1. ## Number Theory - Primes and Eulers equation

I really hate these types of questions. Can anyone help please?

2. 1. Given $n>1$ in prime factorized form $n=p_1^{a_1}...p_m^{a_m}$ then the number of divisors is $(a_1+1)...(a_m+1)$.

Use this to try to find the answer.

3. 2. Since $n$ is prime it means $\sigma (n) = n+1$. Thus, $n+2\sigma (n) = n+2(n+1)$. Show this is not divisible by three by contradiction.

If $n=p^2$ then $\sigma (p^2)=1+p+p^2$. And thus, $n+2\sigma (n) = 3p^2+2p+2 \equiv 2p+2 \equiv p+1\equiv 0 (\bmod 3)$.

Try to do the last one by substituting $\sigma (pq) = 1+p+q+pq$ into the expression and seeing what you get.

4. 3. We can write $n=p^a m$ where $p\not | m \mbox{ and }a\geq 2$. Thus, $\gcd (p_a,m)=1$.

Then,
$\phi (n) = \phi (p^a) \phi (m)$
$\phi \left( \frac{n}{p} \right) = \phi (p^{a-1})\phi(m)$

Use the above equation to reach the relationship you are trying to show.

5. Originally Posted by ThePerfectHacker
2. Since $n$ is prime it means $\sigma (n) = n+1$. Thus, $n+2\sigma (n) = n+2(n+1)$. Show this is not divisible by three by contradiction.

If $n=p^2$ then $\sigma (p^2)=1+p+p^2$. And thus, $n+2\sigma (n) = 3p^2+2p+2 \equiv 2p+2 \equiv p+1\equiv 0 (\bmod 3)$.

Try to do the last one by substituting $\sigma (pq) = 1+p+q+pq$ into the expression and seeing what you get.
I'm curious. What is the $\sigma$ function?

-Dan

6. Originally Posted by topsquark
I'm curious. What is the $\sigma$ function?

-Dan
The SUM of all divisors.