Hello ! I have troubles understanding this statement :
I don't understand why there is 0.5 probability to find a nontrivial factor ofIf one, in an attempt to factorize a composite number, finds two squares
and
at random such as
, then taking the greatest common divisor of
with
yields a nontrivial factor of n with probability
.
, since if we call
one factor of
, then if we find a nontrivial factor,
must divide
, and so there are
possibilities that this happens, whether if we find a trivial factor of
, then
, and there are infinitely many numbers
and
that satisfy this condition. So it should be very likely that we find a trivial factor of
with a difference of squares, which is not true.
Can somebody explain to me where I went wrong in my reasoning ? Thanks !


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