Hello, dgenerationx2!
Most of these are straight forward.
Exactly where is your difficulty?
8. Maria is making a quilt. She has a large piece of fabric that is 0.03 mm thick.
The fabric is cut in half and one piece is placed on top of the other to make a pile.
This pile is cut in half, and one half is placed on top of the other to make an even higher pile.
Continuing this process, what would the thickness of the pile be after the 4th cut and piling?
. .
You should be able to walk through it . . .
. . 
After 4 cut/piles, there are 16 layers of cloth, each is 0.03 mm thick.
Therefore . . .
10. Ole MacDonald has a farm lot that is shaped like a rectangle
and is 40 feet wide and 50 feet long.
He wants to put a fence around three sides of the lot: both widths and one length.
If the posts are to be 10 feet apart, how many posts does he need?
. .
Can't you make a sketch? Code:
50
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40 * *
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Well? . . .