Hello, amerlaw1!
2. What is the distance between the incenter and circumcenter
of a triangle with sides of the length 12, 16 and 20? Code:
_ A *
: | *
: | *
: | *
: | *
: | *
: | * 20
: | * * * *
: | * * E
12 | * o
: |* r * *
: | * *
: * * * *
: F o - - - - o * *
: * r |O * *
: | | *
: r|* |r * *
: | * | * *
: | * | * *
- C * - - - * o * - - - - - - - - - - - - * B
r D
: - - - - - - - - 16 - - - - - - - - :
We have right triangle 
Place the triangle on a coordinate system with
at the Origin.
The incenter is .)
. . 
The circumcenter is the midpoint of .)
. . (Not shown on the diagram.)
Note that: . 
Since
is also tangent to the circle: 
Note that: . 
Since
is also tangent to the circle: 
Since
, we have: .  + (16-r) \:=\:20 \quad\Rightarrow\quad r \,=\,4)
We have: .  \\ \text{Circumcenter:} & P(8,6) \end{Bmatrix})
Therefore: . ^2 + (6-5)^2} \;=\;\sqrt{16+4} \;=\;\sqrt{20} \;=\;2\sqrt{5})