# Uniform Convergence of the Sequence of Compositions

• May 4th 2010, 11:21 PM
DJDorianGray
Uniform Convergence of the Sequence of Compositions
Hey everyone,
I need help with the following complex analysis problem. (It is from chapter 3 of Greene & Krantz):

Let $\phi : D(0,1) \mapsto D(0,1)$ be given by $\phi(z) = z + a_2 z^2 + a_3 z^3 + ...$ (notice in particular that $\phi$ is holomorphic). Let $\phi_1(z) = \phi(z), \phi_2(z) = \phi(\phi(z))$ and so on. Suppose that the sequence $\{ \phi_j \}$ converges uniformly on compact sets. Show that $\phi(z) = z$.

Any help is appreciated! Thank you
• May 5th 2010, 08:13 PM
Jose27
Quote:

Originally Posted by DJDorianGray
Hey everyone,
I need help with the following complex analysis problem. (It is from chapter 3 of Greene & Krantz):

Let $\phi : D(0,1) \mapsto D(0,1)$ be given by $\phi(z) = z + a_2 z^2 + a_3 z^3 + ...$ (notice in particular that $\phi$ is holomorphic). Let $\phi_1(z) = \phi(z), \phi_2(z) = \phi(\phi(z))$ and so on. Suppose that the sequence $\{ \phi_j \}$ converges uniformly on compact sets. Show that $\phi(z) = z$.

Any help is appreciated! Thank you

I haven't tried it rigourosly, but here's a naive approach that might help: If $\phi (z) := \sum_{j=1}^{\infty } a_jz^j$ where $a_1=1$, substitute $\varphi (z)= \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty } \phi _n(z)$ and we get $\phi _n(z)=\phi _{n-1}(z)+\sum_{j=2}^{\infty } a_j(\phi_{n-1}(z))^j$ and taking the limit (this is the step have to worry about) $\varphi (z)=\varphi (z) + \sum_{j=2}^{\infty } a_j\varphi (z)^j$ and thus $a_j=0$ for all $j\geq 2$ which gives $\phi (z)=z$.

PS. Great book that one, lots and lots of exercises.
• May 5th 2010, 08:33 PM
Bruno J.
What is $D(0,1)$?