Non normal Cover

• October 12th 2009, 08:28 PM
moohe12
Non normal Cover
Hi I am try to solve Hatcher problem 20 section 1.3:

Find a non-normal Covering spaces of the Klein bottle by a Klein bottle and by a torus.

• October 13th 2009, 06:33 PM
aliceinwonderland
Quote:

Originally Posted by moohe12
Hi I am try to solve Hatcher problem 20 section 1.3:

Find a non-normal Covering spaces of the Klein bottle by a Klein bottle and by a torus.

For an k-sheeted covering space (finite-degree covering map), $\tilde{M} \rightarrow M$, there is an Euler characteristic equation,
$\chi(\tilde{M}) = k \cdot \chi(M)$.

The Euler characteristic of a torus and a klein bottle are both zero. Thus we see that a torus or klein bottle itself can be a covering space for a klein bottle.

The fundamental group of a klein bottle can be presented as
$\pi_1(K) = $.

Because you are looking for a non-normal covering space, you need to find a non-normal subgroup H of $G=\pi_1(K)$. Recall that if a subgroup H of G is normal, then $xHx^{-1}=H$ for each x in G.

Now we try several cases:
1. H=<a, b^2>: This is not the case since $bab^{-1}=a^{-1} \in H$, where $a \in H$ and $b \in G$. H is normal in G.
2. H=<a^2, b> : This is the case since we cannot find x in G such that xHx^-1 = H.
3. H=<a^3, b> : This is the case since we cannot find x in G such that xHx^-1 = H.
....

I recommend you try several more cases.

For 1, $\pi_1(H) = \mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}$ that is the fundamental group of a torus, but it is not a normal subgroup of G.
For 3, H corresponds to the klein bottle since H is generated by $a^3$ and b such that $a^3b^2$ commutes ( $a^3b^2 = b^2a^3$). You see that G is generated by a and b such that ab^2 commutes ( $ab^2 = abb=ba^{-1}b=bba=b^2a$).