Thread: Pathological example

Will someone help me on this problem?
Let $\displaystyle f(x):R \rightarrow R$ be a continuous but differentiable nowhere ( for example the Weierstrass's function). Define $\displaystyle F(x)=\int_0^x f(r)dr$. Why does F(x) has the first derivative everywhere?
Does F(x) have a second derivative?

I think F(x) has the first derivative since that's why the FTOC part 2 says, but I'm stuck on part 2.

By definition of 'integral function' if...

$\displaystyle F(x)= \int_{0}^{x} f(\tau)\cdot d\tau$ (1)

... then $\displaystyle F(*)$ has prime derivative everywhere $\displaystyle f(*)$ is continous and is...

$\displaystyle F^{'} (x)= f(x)$ (2)

But $\displaystyle f(*)$ in continous $\displaystyle \forall x \in \mathbb{R}$ so that $\displaystyle F^{'}(*)$ exists $\displaystyle \forall x \in \mathbb{R}$...

Now from (2) we derive that...

$\displaystyle F^{''} (x) = f^{'} (x)$ (3)

... so that, because $\displaystyle f^{'} (*)$ nowhere exists, the same is for $\displaystyle F^{''} (*)$...

Kind regards

$\displaystyle \chi$ $\displaystyle \sigma$

According to...

Weierstrass Function -- from Wolfram MathWorld

... the 'Weierstrass function of degree a' is defined as...

$\displaystyle f_{a} (x) = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac {\sin \pi\cdot k^{a}\cdot x}{\pi\cdot k^{a}} $ (1)

... and it is everywhere continous but it's derivative exists only in a set of measure zero. More precisely in recent years it has been demostrated that the derivative exists and is $\displaystyle f^{'}_{a} (x)= \frac{1}{2}$ only for $\displaystyle x= \frac{2A+1}{2B+1}$, $\displaystyle A$ & $\displaystyle B$ integers. The Weierstrass function written in the form (1) is an example of Fractal Fourier Series...

Kind regards

$\displaystyle \chi$ $\displaystyle \sigma$