Need help with convergence of this series

**Hweengee** · November 11th 2008, 10:29 AM

Hi guys I've been doing some problems on series and I ran into this one,

$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } \left( \int _{0}^{\frac{1}{n}}\!{\frac { \sqrt {x}}{1+{x}^{2}}}{dx} \right) $

which I have no idea how to go about doing.

Any help would be appreciated.

Thanks.

**Laurent** · November 11th 2008, 11:31 AM

Originally Posted by Hweengee

Hi guys I've been doing some problems on series and I ran into this one,

$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } \left( \int _{0}^{\frac{1}{n}}\!{\frac { \sqrt {x}}{1+{x}^{2}}}{dx} \right) $

which I have no idea how to go about doing.

Any help would be appreciated.

Thanks.

Think about what the integral looks like when $n$ is large: then you integrate on a very small interval $[0,\frac{1}{n}]$ the function $\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1+x^2}$ , which is almost equal to $\sqrt{x}$ since $x$ is small... and you can integrate $\int_0^{1/n}\sqrt{x}\,dx$ explicitly. It gives $\frac{2/3}{n^{3/2}}$ , which is the general term of a convergent series.

This justifies why the majoration $\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1+x^2}\leq \sqrt{x}$ will allow you to conclude.

**Hweengee** · November 11th 2008, 11:47 AM

So when n is large the interval [0, $\frac{1}{n}]$ becomes small. And this implies that the area bounded by the curve becomes smaller and smaller, and so the series is likely to converge? Hence the comparison with a convergent series?

**Mathstud28** · November 11th 2008, 11:51 AM

Originally Posted by Hweengee

Hi guys I've been doing some problems on series and I ran into this one,

$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } \left( \int _{0}^{\frac{1}{n}}\!{\frac { \sqrt {x}}{1+{x}^{2}}}{dx} \right) $

which I have no idea how to go about doing.

Any help would be appreciated.

Thanks.

You could also do it this way

$f(n)=\int_0^{\frac{1}{n}}\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1+x^2}dx$

It should be clear that since the interval of integration is positive and so is the integrand that $f(n)>0~\forall{n}\in\mathbb{N}$

We can also see that it is continuous (Ill try to prove this if you need be). And finally $f(n)\in\downarrow$ . So we may apply the integral test

Therefore the series shares the convergence/divergence of

$\int_1^{\infty}\int_0^{\frac{1}{n}}\frac{\sqrt{x}} {1+x^2}dxdn$

Now switching the order of integration gives

$\int_0^1\int_1^{\frac{1}{x}}\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1+x^2} dndx$

$=\int_0^1\bigg[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}(x^2+1)}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac {1}{2}\bigg]dx$

All of which converge (for the justification of the first just consider that $\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}(x^2+1)}\sim\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}$ . Therefore the series converges.

**Laurent** · November 11th 2008, 11:51 AM

Originally Posted by Hweengee

So when n is large the interval [0, $\frac{1}{n}]$ becomes small. And this implies that the area bounded by the curve becomes smaller and smaller, and so the series is likely to converge? Hence the comparison with a convergent series?

Not only is the integral smaller and smaller, but it is like $\frac{2/3}{n^{3/2}}$ . The idea is to neglect the denominator since it becomes close to 1, so that we obtain a function that we know how to integrate. Actually I almost wrote the full proof. Just use the majoration I gave and integrate it.

**Hweengee** · November 11th 2008, 11:52 AM

Ok thanks alot guys.

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