# Math Help - limit as x approaches zero

1. ## limit as x approaches zero

Hi everyone,

I am having difficulties calculating the limit of the following:

$\lim_{x \to 0}\Phi\left(\frac{x(x-1)\sigma^2}{2|x|\sigma}\right)$

with the cumulative standard normal distribution $\Phi(.)$ and $\sigma$ being 0.2 or some other constant.

By numerical approximation I have found the following two solutions: 0.5398 for x approaching zero from the left and 0.4602 for x approaching zero from the right. What is strange to me, is that these two values are relatively far apart from each other.

How I can derive the limit of the above in a non-numerical kind of way?

2. ## Re: limit as x approaches zero

$\lim_{x\to0^-}\frac{x}{|x|}=-1$ and $\lim_{x\to0^+}\frac{x}{|x|}=1$. In other words, $\frac{x}{|x|}$ has a jump discontinuity at x = 0, so it is not surprising that the composition of this function with a continuous function also has a jump discontinuity.

3. ## Re: limit as x approaches zero

Hi Emakarov,

Thank you. Very good help.

Bests