Jacobian determinant of a direction vector as a function of a twodimensional vector?
I have an integral on the following form:
\,\operatorname{d} \vec{r},)
where
is a two-dimensional vector. However, I rather want the integral on the form
\,\operatorname{d} \widehat{\omega},)
where
and
i.e.
is an extension of
from two dimensions to three dimensions where 1 has been added as a third element, and
is the unit hemisphere in which
can exist according to its definition. We can see that while the differentials in the two integrals,
and
, have a different number of dimensions, the domains,
ans
, are both two-dimensional, which makes changing from one of the integrals to the other possible.
Normally when you change differential you use the Jacobian
in the following way
\,\operatorname{d}\vec{F} \,=\, \int_{\mathbb{B}}f(\vec{x})\,\left|\frac{\text{d} \vec{F}}{\operatorname{d} \vec{x}}\right|\,\operatorname{d} \vec{x} \,=\, \int_{\mathbb{B}}f(\vec{x})\,\left|J_{\vec{F}}( \vec{x})\right|\operatorname{d}\vec{x}.)
where
 \,=\, \frac{\operatorname{d} \vec{F}}{\operatorname{d} \vec{x}} \,=\, \det \begin{bmatrix} \dfrac{\partial F_1}{\partial x_1} & \cdots & \dfrac{\partial F_1}{\partial x_n} \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \dfrac{\partial F_m}{\partial x_1} & \cdots & \dfrac{\partial F_m}{\partial x_n} \end{bmatrix}.)
But in my case, when
is two-dimensional but
is three-dimensional, how do I carry out the corresponding transformation? Since the Jacobian is the size of the hypervolume that is generated by all partial derivatives of
, the closest I can get to a Jacobian, since the Jacobian itself cannot be formed in this case (the two vectors need to have the same number of dimensions), is
 \cdot \widehat{\omega})
where
is an infinitesimal surface area on
and
is the infinitesimal surface area on
that gives rise to
. So my final integral should look like
\,\frac{\text{d} \vec{r}}{\operatorname{d} \widehat{\omega}}\,\operatorname{d}\widehat{\omega } \,=\, \int_{\Omega}f(\widehat{\omega})\,\left(\frac{ \operatorname{d} \widehat{\omega}}{\operatorname{d} \vec{r}}\right)^{-1}\,\operatorname{d}\widehat{\omega} \,=\, \int_{\Omega}f(\widehat{\omega})\,\left(\left( \frac{\operatorname{d} \widehat{\omega}}{\operatorname{d} r_1} \times \frac{\operatorname{d} \widehat{\omega}}{\operatorname{d} r_2}\right) \cdot \widehat{\omega}\right)^{-1}\,\operatorname{d}\widehat{\omega}.)
Now, I know intuitively that this is the way I should do the transformation, but how can I show it mathematically in the simplest way? How can I show that this is my "Jacobian" (although it isn't really a Jacobian) and that I really should use it?