Area Approx. with Rectangles

**AZach** · Nov 23rd 2012, 04:02 PM

I'm trying to get an area approximation under the graph, $f(x) = 2x^{3} + 4$ from $x = -1$ to $x = 5$ by using 6 and 12 left, right, and midpoint rectangles. I've computed 6 LE and 6 & 12 for both the RE and MP rectangles but I can't figure out how to correctly do 12 rectangles for LE and MP rectangles. I already know I got the right answer for the ones I mentioned, but I can't figure out what I'm doing wrong for 12 LE and 12 MP rectangles.

$\Delta x = 1$ for 6 rectangles, and $\Delta x = \frac{1}{2}$ for 12 rectangles.

I'll write out all my summations that I used my calculator for. I marked the incorrect calculations with **

6 LE $\Sigma^{4}_{i=-1} (0.5(f(-1)+f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)))$ is 222

**12 LE $\Sigma^{4}_{i=-1}$ ${0.5(f(-1)+f(-0.5)+f(0)+ f(0.5)+f(1)+f(1.5)+f(2)+f(2.5)+f(3)+f(3.5)+f(4))}$ ... I got 182.875

6 RE $\Sigma^{5}_{i=0} 0.5(f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)+f(5))$ is 474

12 RE $\Sigma^{5}_{i=0} {0.5(f(0)+ f(0.5)+f(1)+f(1.5)+f(2)+f(2.5)+f(3)+f(3.5)+f(4)+f( 4.5)+f(5))}$ is 402

6 MP $\Sigma^{4.5}_{i=-0.5} 1(f(-0.5)+f(0.5)+f(1.5)+f(2.5)+f(3.5)+f(4.5))$ is 330

**12 MP $\Sigma^{4.25}_{i=-0.75} {0.5(f(-0.75)+f(-0.25)+f(0.25)+f(0.75)+f(1.25)+f(1.75)+f(2.25)+f(2. 75)+f(3.25)+f(3.75)+f(4.25))}$ ... I got 225.328125

**Prove It** · Nov 23rd 2012, 04:18 PM

You have forgotten about f(-0.5) in your 12RE.

**AZach** · Nov 23rd 2012, 04:31 PM

Originally Posted by Prove It

You have forgotten about f(-0.5) in your 12RE.

I thought for a right end approximation that the counter starts at 1+ whatever 'a' is. So, in this case if it goes from -1 to 5, the counter would start at 0?

**Prove It** · Nov 23rd 2012, 04:54 PM

If you had 6 points, yes, because the change in x is 1.

If you have 12 points, you start 1/2 a unit from a, because the change in x is 1/2.

**AZach** · Nov 23rd 2012, 05:11 PM

Oh that makes a lot more sense. Also, in the graph that I attached, does it look like there are any points on it where f(x) is 0? What confuses me is I've seen some videos on YouTube doing this approximations and certain x values would be skipped because the rectangle had no height (no area) at that point.

**MarkFL** · Nov 23rd 2012, 06:38 PM

Just a $\LaTeX$ tip:

For summations, use the \sum command. Look at the difference:

\Sigma_{k=1}^nk=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}: $\Sigma_{k=1}^nk=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$

\sum_{k=1}^nk=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}: $\sum_{k=1}^nk=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$

**Prove It** · Nov 23rd 2012, 07:03 PM

Originally Posted by AZach

Oh that makes a lot more sense. Also, in the graph that I attached, does it look like there are any points on it where f(x) is 0? What confuses me is I've seen some videos on YouTube doing this approximations and certain x values would be skipped because the rectangle had no height (no area) at that point.

If the x intercept is one of the endpoints of your interval of integration, you can't disregard it. Draw the graph and the rectangles if you don't believe me...

**AZach** · Nov 26th 2012, 04:58 PM

I tried to do this to compute the left hand sum with 12 rectangles. $\sum_{i=-1}^{11} f(xi)dx$ where $f(xi) = 2(-1+\frac{1i}{2})^{3})+4$ since $xi = -1 + \frac{1}{2}i$

And then I basically expanded the summation out
$[2(-1 - \frac{1}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 - 0)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{1}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 1)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{3}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 2)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{5}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 3)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{7}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 4)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{9}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 5)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{11}{2})^{3} + 4]$

I know that's a lot to look at, but I basically just plug $i = -1 , i = 0, i = 1 ... i = 11$ into f(xi) ... Does this look like the proper method to find the area under the curve of the function I listed originally $f(x) = 2x^{3} + 4$

**Prove It** · Nov 26th 2012, 06:01 PM

Originally Posted by AZach

I tried to do this to compute the left hand sum with 12 rectangles. $\sum_{i=-1}^{11} f(xi)dx$ where $f(xi) = 2(-1+\frac{1i}{2})^{3})+4$ since $xi = -1 + \frac{1}{2}i$

And then I basically expanded the summation out
$[2(-1 - \frac{1}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 - 0)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{1}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 1)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{3}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 2)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{5}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 3)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{7}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 4)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{9}{2})^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + 5)^{3} + 4] + [2(-1 + \frac{11}{2})^{3} + 4]$

I know that's a lot to look at, but I basically just plug $i = -1 , i = 0, i = 1 ... i = 11$ into f(xi) ... Does this look like the proper method to find the area under the curve of the function I listed originally $f(x) = 2x^{3} + 4$

I think you're relying too much on the formula. Actually think about what you are doing. You are approximating the area under a curve by subdividing it into rectangles and adding up the areas of all the rectangles. The length of each rectangle is the same as the length of each subdivision, and the width of each rectangle is the value of the function at the left-hand endpoint. So that means the area of each rectangle is $\displaystyle \begin{align*} f(x_i) \Delta x \end{align*}$ , where $\displaystyle \begin{align*} x_i \end{align*}$ is the left-hand endpoint. Remembering that your interval is $\displaystyle \begin{align*} \frac{1}{2} \end{align*}$ a unit in length, that means your approximation is

$\displaystyle \begin{align*} A \approx \frac{1}{2}f(-1) + \frac{1}{2}f\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2}f(0) + \frac{1}{2}f\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) + \dots + \frac{1}{2}f\left(\frac{9}{2}\right) \end{align*}$

**AZach** · Nov 27th 2012, 12:45 PM

I see what's going on now. I had been mostly just rearranging the numbers without really using the graph.

Thanks for pointing that out, Plato.

**Prove It** · Nov 27th 2012, 07:36 PM

*Prove It :P

**AZach** · Nov 29th 2012, 11:19 AM

My mistake. I'm not sure why I thought you were Plato...

The 12 MP approximation came out to be $0.5 ((f(-0.75)+ .... + f(4.75))$ ... It's so much easier to find a starting point and ending point on a graph and then just add the 'change in x'.

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