limit of sequence

**zg12** · June 28th 2011, 04:38 PM

I need to show that the limit of the sequence,

$\frac{{n + 1}}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{{{{(n + 1)}^2}}}{{{n^3}}} + \cdots + \frac{{{{(n + 1)}^n}}}{{{n^{n + 1}}}}$

is e-1. What's sad is I have the solution in front of me and I can't understand the simple algebra.

$\frac{{n + 1}}{{{n^2}}}\left[ {\frac{{1 - {{\left( {\frac{{n + 1}}{n}} \right)}^n}}}{{1 - \frac{{n + 1}}{n}}}} \right] = \frac{{n + 1}}{n}\left[ {{{\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}^n} - 1} \right]$

The second factor on the left, how did they get that?

**Archie Meade** · June 28th 2011, 04:49 PM

Originally Posted by zg12

I need to show that the limit of the sequence,

$\frac{{n + 1}}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{{{{(n + 1)}^2}}}{{{n^3}}} + \cdots + \frac{{{{(n + 1)}^n}}}{{{n^{n + 1}}}}$

is e-1. What's sad is I have the solution in front of me and I can't understand the simple algebra.

$\frac{{n + 1}}{{{n^2}}}\left[ {\frac{{1 - {{\left( {\frac{{n + 1}}{n}} \right)}^n}}}{{1 - \frac{{n + 1}}{n}}}} \right] = \frac{{n + 1}}{n}\left[ {{{\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}^n} - 1} \right]$

The second factor on the left, how did they get that?

One "n" in the denominator of the left factor was taken inside the brackets.

$\frac{{n + 1}}{{{n^2}}}\left[ {\frac{{1 - {{\left( {\frac{{n + 1}}{n}} \right)}^n}}}{{1 - \frac{{n + 1}}{n}}}} \right] = \frac{n+1}{n}\left[\frac{1-\left(\frac{n+1}{n}\right)^n}{n\left(1-\frac{n+1}{n}\right)}\right]$

$= \frac{n+1}{n}\left[\frac{1-\left(\frac{n+1}{n}\right)^n}{n\left(\frac{n-n-1}{n}\right)}\right]$

and the rest follows.

Do you understand how the first term and common ratio of the geometric series,
were placed into the formula for summing the series ?

I think I misread your question a little.

$a=u_1=\frac{n+1}{n^2}$

$r=\frac{n+1}{n}$

$S_n=\frac{a\left(1-r^n\right)}{1-r}$

It is of course a "series", rather than a sequence.

**zg12** · June 28th 2011, 05:04 PM

Originally Posted by Archie Meade

Do you understand how the first term and common ratio of the geometric series,
were placed into the formula for summing the series ?

Oh goodness, I am a moron. Thanks, I see what happened. I guess they assumed that would have been at the surface of my mind from when I was in high school. not!

**Archie Meade** · June 28th 2011, 05:09 PM

It may have been offputting to see "n" as the term in the numerator and denominator
as it is also the number of terms in the series.

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