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Equation can be explained like this:
Geraldo has $40 already saved. He needs more money to equal $129 for CD. Lets say y is that additional amount of money that he needs. So he needs $40+y to equal 129. That y is, if he saves money for four months every week, y=16x.
So we have $40+y=$129
$40+16x=$129
To find out how much Geraldo should save in order to buy CD then equation need to be solved for x:
16x=129-40
16x=89
x=5.5625 = $5.7
So he needs to save 5.7$ each week which is 16*5.7=89$ totaly saved for four months which summed with $40 equals $129 for CD.