16 - 4x^4 - 4y^2 - 8x^2y
= (-4x^4 - 4y^2 - 8x^2y) + 16
= -4(x^4 + y^2 + 2x^2y) + 16
= -4(x^4+y^2 + 2x^2y) + 4^2
= 4^2 - [4(x^4 + y^2 + 2x^2y)]
= 4^2 - [2(x+y)]^2
= 4(2 + x^2 + y)(2 - x^2 - y)
What I don't understand is the transition from 4^2 - [2(x+y)]^2 to 4(2 + x^2 + y)(2 - x^2 - y)
If someone could explain it, that would be great thanks.


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