...
Sounds like the Taylor polynomial with remainder, to me.
I can't think of a formal approach to this problem, but theis nothing but the Lagrange polynomial interpolation for a set of n+1 data points, while the second
is the Taylor's series approximation of
about
Look up the definition of a nth order Taylor's polynomial approximation about a point x=xo and you will have both questions answered.
But it would be more useful if someone could throw light on the derivation of the Taylor series expansion.
1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_polynomial
2)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series