Matrices, Square matrix

**mr_motivator** · February 7th 2009, 09:55 PM

(a) Prove that the transpose of the sum of two matrices A and B is the sum of their transposes.

(b) Verify this is so when
A = [1 2 3] and B = [4 6 8]
[4 5 6] [5 7 9]

(c) Prove that if A is a square matrix then S = 1/2 (A -A^t) is skew-symmetric.

(d) Verify that this S is skew-symmetric when A = [4 3]
[2 1]

(e) Prove that if A is a square matrix with complex elements, then H = 1/2 (A + A^*) is hermitian.

(f) Verify that this H is hermitian when A = [1+i 4-3i]

[2-i 3+2i]

Any help with any of these questions would be greatly appreciated!

**Grandad** · February 7th 2009, 10:50 PM

Hello mr_motivator

Originally Posted by mr_motivator

(a) Prove that the transpose of the sum of two matrices A and B is the sum of their transposes.

(b) Verify this is so when
A = [1 2 3] and B = [4 6 8]
[4 5 6] [5 7 9]

(a) Denote the elements in row $i$ , column $j$ of the matrices $A$ and $B$ by $a_{i,j}$ and $b_{i, j}$ . In the matrix sum $A+B$ , the element in row $i$ , column $j$ is therefore $a_{i,j} + b_{i, j}$ .

This is then the element in row $j$ , column $i$ of $(A+B)^T$ , which is the sum of elements in row $j$ , column $i$ of $A^T$ and $B^T$ .

This is true for all valid $i$ and $j$ . Hence $(A+B)^T=A^T +B^T$ .

(b) is a simple matter of checking this out.
$<br /> A+B = \begin{pmatrix}5 & 8 & 11\\9 & 12 & 15\end{pmatrix}$

$\Rightarrow (A+B)^T =\begin{pmatrix}5 & 9\\8 & 12\\11 & 15\end{pmatrix}$

= etc...

Grandad

**o_O** · February 7th 2009, 11:47 PM

(c) Prove that if A is a square matrix then S = 1/2 (A -A^t) is skew-symmetric.

You have to prove: $S^T = -S$

Use these 3 properties:

$(cA)^T = cA^T$
$(A+B)^T = A^T + B^T$
$\left(A^T\right)^T = A$

So:
$\begin{aligned} S^{T} & = \left[\frac{1}{2} \left(A - A^{T}\right)\right]^{T} \\ & = \frac{1}{2}\left(A - A^T\right)^{T} \\ & = \cdots \end{aligned}$

I'm sure you can finish off.

For (d), just show that: $A^T = -A$

**Grandad** · February 8th 2009, 01:58 AM

Hello mr_motivator

Originally Posted by mr_motivator

(e) Prove that if A is a square matrix with complex elements, then H = 1/2 (A + A^*) is hermitian.

(f) Verify that this H is hermitian when A = [1+i 4-3i]

[2-i 3+2i]

A matrix is Hermitian if its transpose is also its conjugate. In other words, if $(a_{i,j})^* = a_{j, i}$ for all valid $i, j$ . We have to prove that

$\tfrac{1}{2}(A + (A^T)^*)$ is Hermitian.

Now suppose in matrix $A, a_{i, j}$ is written $p + iq$ and $a_{j,i}$ is written $r + is$ . Then the element in row $i$ , column $j$ of $\tfrac{1}{2}(A + (A^T)^*)$ is

$\tfrac{1}{2}(a_{i,j} + (a_{j,i})^*) = \tfrac{1}{2}[(p+iq)+(r-is)]= \tfrac{1}{2}[(p+r) +(q-s)i]$ (1)

and the element in row $j$ , column $i$ of $\tfrac{1}{2}(A + (A^T)^*)$ is

$\tfrac{1}{2}(a_{j,i} + (a_{i,j})*) = \tfrac{1}{2}[(r+is)+(p-iq)]= \tfrac{1}{2}[(p+r) +(s-q)i]$

which is the conjugate of the element in (1).

This then is the required proof.

I think you can complete part (f) now.

Grandad

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