# Math Help - Abstract Algebra

1. ## Abstract Algebra

Consider the dihedral group
D4, and let  and  be defined in the usual way. Show that  = 1, and hence that k = k. Thus show that k has order 2 for any k.

Let
G = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}, and let *be a group operation on G. A partial Cayley table for *is attached.
1.Complete the Cayley table above [hint: the operation must be associative

2. Write down <
a>, <b>, <c>, <d>, <e>, <f>, <g>, <h>, <b,e>, <c,e>

3. Write the elements of
G as products of two fixed generating elements (you may use
1 to denote the identity).

4.Show that (
G,*) is not isomorphic to D4 [Hint: question 1, order of elements] or
to
Z/4Z × Z/2Z.

5. Show that <
b>is normal, and write out the left cosets of this subgroup. Then give
the group table for
G/<b>.

6. Give an isomorphism from
G/<b>to either Z/4Z or Z/2Z × Z/2Z. In the othercase, explain why no isomorphism exists.

Consider the dihedral group
D4, and let  and  be defined in the usual way. Show that  = 1, and hence that k = k. Thus show that k has order 2 for any k.[quote]the symbols are messed up here. though i am not sure what a dihedral group is

Let
G = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}, and let *be a group operation on G. A partial Cayley table for *is attached.
1.Complete the Cayley table above [hint: the operation must be associative
do you know what associative means. fill out the table so that a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c for all a,b,c in the group. Note that a is the identity element.

2. Write down <
a>, <b>, <c>, <d>, <e>, <f>, <g>, <h>, <b,e>, <c,e>
these are subgroups generated by the said element.

so <a> = {1 = a^0, a^1, a^2 , a^3, ... } = {1, a , a*a, a*a*a, ...}

do that until you exhaust the table (of course you have to fill it out first).

for things like <b,e>, this is the subgroup generated by all products of b and e.

3. Write the elements of
G as products of two fixed generating elements (you may use
1 to denote the identity).
i think they want you to write G = <x,y> for some x,y in G. And do this twice. Perhaps this will become clearer after doing part 2.

4.Show that (
G,*) is not isomorphic to D4 [Hint: question 1, order of elements] or
to
Z/4Z × Z/2Z.
tell me what D_4 is and i might be able to help.

5. Show that <
b>is normal, and write out the left cosets of this subgroup.
to show <b> is normal, we must show that $gbg^{-1} \in $ for all $g \in G$. just go through the table and verify that this holds.

the left cosets will be:

<b> = {1, b, b^2, b^3, ... }
a*<b> = {a,ab,ab^2,ab^3, ...}
c*<b> = { ...}

and so on. do this until you exhaust all the elements of G

Then give
the group table for
G/<b>.
to do this, you must pick one element out of each of the sets above and make a table with them similar to how they did for G. note that when you take the product of your representatives you may get something that is not a representative. In that case, choose the representative that is in the coset of the element you get. use [ ] brackets to denote your representative. like, use [1] to be the representative for the first coset i have above, this represents the set {1,b,b^2,b^3,...}

6. Give an isomorphism from
G/<b>to either Z/4Z or Z/2Z × Z/2Z. In the othercase, explain why no isomorphism exists.
i will have to think about this more. I would probably need the answers to the previous questions to answer this, and I am too lazy to do them myself now

Sorry I could not be of much help. I just started (a basic course in) abstract algebra myself