Index t of cyclic subgroup + isomorphism question

Given: the abelian group Z*13 and the element, 5, of Z*13. Find the index t of the cyclic subgroup <5>. List the t distinct elements of <5> and use them to fill in a t-by-t multiplication table for G/<a> (G mod <a>).

Then find either an integer l such that G/<a> is isomorphic to Z_l or integers m and n such that G/<a> is isomorphic to Z_m X Z_n. Justify your answer.

Isn't Z*13={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12} ?
Then isn't <5> = {5, 12, 8, 1}?
Since Z*13 has 12 elements wouldn't the index t of <5> be 3 since <5> has 4 elements?
I'm confused because <5> doesn't generate Z*13, so it isn't cyclic? Unless I'm making a mistake?? Then how would I do the multiplication table?

--I just did some more work and I believe now that <5> is a cyclic subgroup. I believe my error was taking into consideration that it is a subgroup, and cannot generate all of Z*13 necessarily. I then found that <1> = {1}, <12> = {12, 1} and <8> = {8, 12, 5, 1}. So would the index t be 2 then or what? Still confused with the multiplication table and the "t distinct elements" of <5>

Finally, any help with the isomorphism? Please and thank you!

<a> is cyclic for any element a of a group G. it just isn't necessarily the whole group G.

i presume by Z*13, you mean: (Z₁₃)*, the group of units of the ring Z₁₃, where the operation is multiplication modulo 13.

for any finite group G, and any subgroup H of G, [G:H] = |G|/|H|.

the order of (Z₁₃)* is indeed 12, since 13 is prime, every non-zero element of Z₁₃ is a unit.

it is easy to calculate <5> directly:

5² = 12 (since 25 = 12 (mod 13)).
5³ = (12)(5) = 8 (since 60 = 8 (mod 13)).
5⁴ = (8)(5) = 1 (since 40 = 1 (mod 13)).

thus <5> has order 4.

so [(Z₁₃)*:<5>] = 12/4 = 3.

now the index of a subgroup H is the number of left (or right) cosets of H. since (Z₁₃)* is abelian, it doesn't really matter which cosets we look at (they are the same). i'll look at the left cosets:

<5> = {1,5,12,8} <--i will call this coset "E", since it's the identity of the quotient group (Z₁₃)*/<5>
2<5> = {2,10,11,3} <--let's call this "A"
4<5> = {4,7,9,6} <--let's call this "B"

our multiplication table will start off like this:

* | E A B
---------
E | E A B
A | A
B | B

so how do we find A*A? an easy way is to take any two elements of A = {2,10,11,3} and multiply them (mod 13). whichever coset that's in, is what A*A is.

2*2 = 4, so A*A = B. (we could pick ANY two, we'd get the same answer. let's pick 10 and 11:

(10)(11) = 121 = 117 + 4 = 9*13 + 4, so (10)(11) = 4 (mod 13). or (2)(10) = 20 = 7 (mod 13), and 7 is in B).

so to find A*B, we can just pick the coset that 8 lies in, which is E. since (Z₁₃)* is abelian, B*A = E, as well.

the only product left to compute is B*B. and since 4*4 = 16 = 3 (mod 13), and this is in A, we conclude B*B = A.

so our finished multiplication table looks like this:

* | E A B
---------
E | E A B
A | A B E
B | B E A