Without multiplying matrices, find bases for the row and column spaces of A:
How do you know from these shapes that A cannot be invertible?


If we write A= BC, then C maps all ofinto a subspace of
which can, of course, have dimension no larger than 2. B then maps that subspace into a subspace of R^3 which can have dimension no larger than 2. Since A= BC maps
into a two dimensional subspace of
, it cannot be invertible.
How do you know from these shapes that A cannot be invertible?