1. ## integral inner product

Here's the solution provided:

I don't understand how they got that answer! This is my own attempt:

Since $\displaystyle f$ is a piece-wise function I divided the interval to two and calculated the inner product like this:

$\displaystyle \left\langle f, sin(x) \right\rangle = \int^{0}_{-\pi} -sin(x)+\int^{\pi}_{0} sin(x)=$$\displaystyle cos(0)-cos(\pi)-(-cos(\pi)-cos(0))=-2$

So, why is my method and my answer wrong? And could anyone please explain the method used in the model answers?

2. $\displaystyle -\int_{-\pi}^{0}sin(x)dx+\int_{0}^{\pi}sin(x)dx=cos(x)]_{-\pi}^{0}-cos(x)]_{0}^{\pi}$
$\displaystyle =cos(0)-cos(-\pi)-cos(\pi)+cos(0)=1-(-1)-(-1)+1=1+1+1+1=4$

3. The method used in the mode proof is this: If $\displaystyle a \geq 0$ and $\displaystyle g : [-a,a] \to \mathbb{R}$ is integrable then:
$\displaystyle \int_{-a}^a g(x) \mathrm{d} \! x = \begin{cases} 2 \int_0^a g(x) \mathrm{d} \! x & \text{if } g \text{ is even.} \\ 0 & \text{if } g \text{ is odd.} \end{cases}$

4. Originally Posted by Giraffro
The method used in the mode proof is this: If $\displaystyle a \geq 0$ and $\displaystyle g : [-a,a] \to \mathbb{R}$ is integrable then:
$\displaystyle \int_{-a}^a g(x) \mathrm{d} \! x = \begin{cases} 2 \int_0^a g(x) \mathrm{d} \! x & \text{if } g \text{ is even.} \\ 0 & \text{if } g \text{ is odd.} \end{cases}$
Thanks. But how did they figure out that the given function $\displaystyle f(x)$ is odd? Could you please explain that?

5. Originally Posted by demode
Thanks. But how did they figure out that the given function $\displaystyle f(x)$ is odd? Could you please explain that?
Ah, I seem to have glanced over something. Well $\displaystyle \forall x \in (0,\pi], f(x) = -f(-x)$ and integrating over a point doesn't contribute to any integrals, so you could swap $\displaystyle f$ for:
$\displaystyle f(x) := \begin{cases} -1 & \text{if } -\pi \leq x < 0 \\ 0 & \text{if } x = 0 \\ 1 & \text{if } 0 < x \leq \pi \end{cases}$

Then $\displaystyle f$ would be odd and so $\displaystyle f(x) \sin(x)$ is odd, since $\displaystyle \sin(x)$ is even and the product of 2 odd functions is even. But explicit calculation is just as fine.